Tocqueville, Democracy in America (1835)
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Contents
Versions
Book I
Introductory ChapterChapter I Exterior Form Of North AmericaChapter SummaryChapter II Origin Of The Anglo Americans (Part I)Chapter II Origin Of The Anglo Americans (Part II)Chapter III Social Conditions Of The Anglo AmericansChapter IV The Principle Of The Sovereignty Of The People In AmericaChapter V Necessity Of Examining The Condition Of The States (Part I)Chapter V Necessity Of Examining The Condition Of The States (Part II)Chapter V Necessity Of Examining The Condition Of The States (Part III)Chapter VI Judicial Power In The United StatesChapter VII Political Jurisdiction In The United StatesChapter VIII The Federal Constitution (Part I)Summary Of The Federal ConstitutionChapter VIII The Federal Constitution (Part II)Chapter VIII The Federal Constitution (Part III)Chapter VIII The Federal Constitution (Part IV)Chapter VIII The Federal Constitution (Part V)Chapter IX Why The People May Strictly Be Said To Govern In The UnitedChapter X Parties In The United StatesParties In The United StatesChapter XI Liberty Of The Press In The United StatesChapter XII Political Associations In The United StatesChapter XIII Government Of The Democracy In America (Part I)Chapter XIII Government Of The Democracy In America (Part II)Chapter XIII Government Of The Democracy In America (Part III)Chapter XIV Advantages American Society Derive From Democracy (Part I)Chapter XIV Advantages American Society Derive From Democracy (Part II)Chapter XV Unlimited Power Of Majority, And Its Consequences (Part I)Chapter XV Unlimited Power Of Majority, And Its Consequences (Part II)Chapter XVI Causes Mitigating Tyranny In The United States (Part I)Chapter XVI Causes Mitigating Tyranny In The United States (Part II)Chapter XVII Principal Causes Maintaining The Democratic Republic (Part I)Chapter XVII Principal Causes Maintaining The Democratic Republic (Part II)Chapter XVII Principal Causes Maintaining The Democratic Republic (Part III)Chapter XVII Principal Causes Maintaining The Democratic Republic (Part IV)Chapter XVIII Future Condition Of Three Races In The United States (Part I)Chapter XVIII Future Condition Of Three Races (Part II)Chapter XVIII Future Condition Of Three Races (Part III)Chapter XVIII Future Condition Of Three Races (Part IV)Chapter XVIII Future Condition Of Three Races (Part V)Chapter XVIII Future Condition Of Three Races (Part VI)Chapter XVIII Future Condition Of Three Races (Part VII)Chapter XVIII Future Condition Of Three Races (Part VIII)Chapter XVIII Future Condition Of Three Races (Part IX)Chapter XVIII Future Condition Of Three Races (Part X)Conclusion
Book II (Influence of Democracy on Progress of Opinion), Section One (Influence of Democracy on the Action of Intellect)
Chapter I Philosophical Method Among the AmericansChapter II Of The Principal Source Of Belief Among Democratic NationsChapter III Why The Americans Display More Readiness And More Taste For General Ideas Than Their Forefathers, The EnglishChapter IV Why The Americans Have Never Been So Eager As The French For General Ideas In Political MattersChapter V Of The Manner In Which Religion In The United States Avails Itself Of Democratic TendenciesChapter VI Of The Progress Of Roman Catholicism In The United StatesChapter VII Of The Cause Of A Leaning To Pantheism Amongst Democratic NationsChapter VIII The Principle Of Equality Suggests To The Americans The Idea Of The Indefinite Perfectibility Of ManChapter IX The Example Of The Americans Does Not Prove That A Democratic People Can Have No Aptitude And No Taste For Science, Literature, Or ArtChapter X Why The Americans Are More Addicted To Practical Than To Theoretical ScienceChapter XI Of The Spirit In Which The Americans Cultivate The ArtsChapter XII Why The Americans Raise Some Monuments So Insignificant, And Others So ImportantChapter XIII Literary Characteristics Of Democratic AgesChapter XIV The Trade Of LiteratureChapter XV The Study Of Greek And Latin Literature Peculiarly Useful In Democratic CommunitiesChapter XVI The Effect Of Democracy On LanguageChapter XVII Of Some Of The Sources Of Poetry Amongst Democratic NationsChapter XVIII Of The Inflated Style Of American Writers And OratorsChapter XIX Some Observations On The Drama Amongst Democratic NationsChapter XX Characteristics Of Historians In Democratic AgesChapter XXI Of Parliamentary Eloquence In The United States
Book II (Influence of Democracy on Progress of Opinion), Section Two (Influence of Democracy on the Feelings of Americans)
Chapter I Why Democratic Nations Show A More Ardent And Enduring Love Of Equality Than Of LibertyChapter II Of Individualism In Democratic CountriesChapter III Individualism Stronger At The Close Of A Democratic Revolution Than At Other PeriodsChapter IV That The Americans Combat The Effects Of Individualism By Free InstitutionsChapter V Of The Use Which The Americans Make Of Public Associations In Civil LifeChapter VI Of The Relation Between Public Associations And NewspapersChapter VII Connection Of Civil And Political AssociationsChapter VIII The Americans Combat Individualism By The Principle Of Interest Rightly UnderstoodChapter IX That The Americans Apply The Principle Of Interest Rightly Understood To Religious MattersChapter X Of The Taste For Physical Well Being In AmericaChapter XI Peculiar Effects Of The Love Of Physical Gratifications In Democratic AgesChapter XII Causes Of Fanatical Enthusiasm In Some AmericansChapter XIII Causes Of The Restless Spirit Of Americans In The Midst Of Their ProsperityChapter XIV Taste For Physical Gratifications United In America To Love Of Freedom And Attention To Public AffairsChapter XV That Religious Belief Sometimes Turns The Thoughts Of The Americans To Immaterial PleasuresChapter XVI That Excessive Care Of Worldly Welfare May Impair That WelfareChapter XVII That In Times Marked By Equality Of Conditions And Sceptical Opinions, It Is Important To Remove To A Distance The Objects Of Human ActionsChapter XVIII That Amongst The Americans All Honest Callings Are HonorableChapter XIX That Almost All The Americans Follow Industrial CallingsChapter XX That Aristocracy May Be Engendered By Manufactures
Book III (Influence of Democracy on Manners, Properly So Called)
Chapter I That Manners Are Softened As Social Conditions Become More EqualChapter II That Democracy Renders The Habitual Intercourse Of The Americans Simple And EasyChapter III Why The Americans Show So Little Sensitiveness In Their Own Country, And Are So Sensitive In EuropeChapter IV Consequences Of The Three Preceding ChaptersChapter V How Democracy Affects the Relation Of Masters And ServantsChapter VI That Democratic Institutions And Manners Tend To Raise Rents And Shorten The Terms Of LeasesChapter VII Influence Of Democracy On WagesChapter VIII Influence Of Democracy On KindredChapter IX Education Of Young Women In The United StatesChapter X The Young Woman In The Character Of A WifeChapter XI That The Equality Of Conditions Contributes To The Maintenance Of Good Morals In AmericaChapter XII How The Americans Understand The Equality Of The SexesChapter XIII That The Principle Of Equality Naturally Divides The Americans Into A Number Of Small Private CirclesChapter XIV Some Reflections On American MannersChapter XV Of The Gravity Of The Americans, And Why It Does Not Prevent Them From Often Committing Inconsiderate ActionsChapter XVI Why The National Vanity Of The Americans Is More Restless And Captious Than That Of The EnglishChapter XVII That The Aspect Of Society In The United States Is At Once Excited And MonotonousChapter XVIII Of Honor In The United States And In Democratic CommunitiesChapter XIX Why So Many Ambitious Men And So Little Lofty Ambition Are To Be Found In The United StatesChapter XX The Trade Of Place Hunting In Certain Democratic CountriesChapter XXI Why Great Revolutions Will Become More RareChapter XXII Why Democratic Nations Are Naturally Desirous Of Peace, And Democratic Armies Of WarChapter XXIII Which Is The Most Warlike And Most Revolutionary Class In Democratic ArmiesChapter XXIV Causes Which Render Democratic Armies Weaker Than Other Armies At The Outset Of A Campaign, And More Formidable In Protracted WarfareChapter XXV Of Discipline In Democratic ArmiesChapter XXVI Some Considerations On War In Democratic Communities
Book IV (Influence of Democratic Opinions on Political Society)
Chapter I That Equality Naturally Gives Men A Taste For Free InstitutionsChapter II That The Notions Of Democratic Nations On Government Are Naturally Favorable To The Concentration Of PowerChapter III That The Sentiments Of Democratic Nations Accord With Their Opinions In Leading Them To Concentrate Political PowerChapter IV Of Certain Peculiar And Accidental Causes Which Either Lead A People To Complete Centralization Of Government, Or Which Divert Them From ItChapter V That Amongst The European Nations Of Our Time The Power Of Governments Is Increasing, Although The Persons Who Govern Are Less StableChapter VI What Sort Of Despotism Democratic Nations Have To FearChapter VII Continuation Of The Preceding ChaptersChapter VIII General Survey Of The Subject
Appendix to Part I
About This Text
Author: Alexis de Tocqueville
Composed: c.1835 CE
Written by the French political theorist Alexis de Tocqueville between 1831 and 1832 and published in 1835 and 1840, Democracy in America serves as a landmark study of American identity. De Tocqueville along with his colleague Gustave de Beaumont visited the United States in 1831 to study why democracy seemed to have thrived in the country. De Tocqueville noted that American democracy balanced benefits such as reform movements and political organizations that promoted brought and brought communities together as well as drawbacks due to a “tyranny of the majority” that might curtail individual liberties. He also remarked on the ironies of American democracy, namely the poor treatment of Native Americans and the plight of the enslaved. Overall, de Tocqueville’s penetrating analysis of the United States’ social, political, and economic life and structures helped define American identity.